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Abstract
With the rapid penetration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in global higher education, AI literacy has evolved into a core competency for university students to adapt to intelligent educational and industrial transformation. Despite the growing body of literature on AI literacy in Western and developed Asian contexts, empirical evidence regarding the current status and driving factors of AI literacy among Vietnamese university students remains fragmented and understudied. This quantitative study aims to systematically investigate the overall level of AI literacy among Vietnamese undergraduate students and explore the influencing factors through multiple linear regression (MLR) and hierarchical regression analysis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 428 valid samples from six comprehensive universities in Northern, Central, and Southern Vietnam. The measurement framework covers five dimensions of AI literacy: AI basic cognition, technical application ability, critical thinking of AI, ethical awareness, and innovative application competence. Preliminary descriptive statistics reveal that Vietnamese university students achieve a moderate overall level of AI literacy, with prominent deficiencies in AI ethical judgment and innovative practical application. Bivariate correlation analysis confirms significant correlations between demographic characteristics, digital learning environment, AI learning experience, AI perceived value, and students’ AI literacy levels. Hierarchical regression results further demonstrate that after controlling for gender, grade level, and major background, individual learning experience, campus AI resource support, and positive AI value perception significantly positively predict AI literacy. Notably, campus environmental factors exert the strongest incremental explanatory power over individual psychological factors, explaining an additional 18.7% of the variance in AI literacy. This study fills the regional research gap in AI literacy in Southeast Asian higher education, provides empirical support for optimizing AI education systems in Vietnamese universities, and offers actionable references for improving college students’ intelligent literacy in emerging economies.
Keywords: AI Literacy; University Students; Influencing Factors; Multiple Linear Regression; Hierarchical Regression; Vietnamese Higher Education
